World Regional Geography North America

World Regional Geography North America Map comparisons The Canadian population is adhered to the South owing to numerous reasons that trace back to the ancient migration patterns, industrial revolution, climatic conditions, and urbanization. As highlighted in the introductory statement, the spatial population pattern of Canada is skewed towards the South Eastern region partly because of early migration pattern.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on World Regional Geography: North America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This region represents the first habitat of European immigrants (1942) who owe their reasons for the mass exodus to several push and pull factors that include fertile land and favorable climate among others. As such, with enough human resource and technical know-how the region evolved along two fronts simultaneously; becoming industrialized and urbanized. To this effect, the then cities within this place were well served with communication networks inform of railways and roads, and teeming with activities consequently burgeoning and hence attracted more and more people as opposed to other regions of Canada (Schaefer 302). Moreover, the harsh climatic conditions of the North (humid and cold climate with short cool summers) are the reasons why the South dwarfs the North in population density. The spatial population distribution of North America is related to the physiographic pattern of the region to a greater extend. On comparing the maps in figures 3-2 and 3-19 a correlation between the two can be drawn. On observing the land terrain along latitude 400 as portrayed in figure 3-2 it is apparent that majority of the population reside at the lowlands below 2500 meters, and a few along the sea shores. With a wide area of land on the West characterized by high altitudes then it follows that it exhibits sparse population. Thus, a majority of the population is biased towards the East. The population is avoiding highlands in favor of plain lowlands. From the dispersal patterns as exhibited by figure 3-7 it is apparent that from the 19th to 20th century the population has been moving towards high atitude regions from the sea shores. This is evident by the increase in population in most Central States of Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma among others. The population moves from the Eastern States and coastal States of New Jersey and Delaware among others.Advertising Looking for assessment on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On observing figure 3-8 of North American Manufacturing belt it is evident that most industries are located towards North East and Eastern region of the US. On comparison to figure 3-14 of fossil fuel deposits it is evident that the two are correlated. The major manufacturing belts fall within the major fossil fuel reserves vital in running these industries at reduced running costs. Moreover, the belt falls within regions rich in industrial raw materials i.e. the corn and cotton belts among others. To boost its growth the region is served with international harbors that are open to Europe and the rest of the World. Moreover, the large population provides a ready market to already finished products (MacLeod 690). Figure 3-14 represents the major fossil energy reserves of North America. There are three major fossil energy reserves with coal and gas taking a lions share relative to oil. The major States that produce coal include: Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming, Idaho and Utah. On the other hand, the major states producing coal include: Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Louisiana, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, West Virginia, Mississippi and Michigan. Finally, the major states with oil reserves are Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma and Michigan (Kimble 602). Map 1: North America’s physical geography Map2: The United States and the major concentrations of minority populationsAdvertising We will w rite a custom assessment sample on World Regional Geography: North America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Map 3: United States Major Cities and Economic Regions KEY: A-Silicon valley B-Atlantic Seaboard MegalopolisAdvertising Looking for assessment on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More C-Corn Belt D-Main Street Conurbation E-Pacific Hinge F-Dairy Belt G-Alaska North Slope H-Research Triangle I- Boundary between Arid and Humid America. Kimble, Hebert. â€Å"The Inadequacy of the Regional Concept† London Essays in Geography 2.17 (1951): 601-617. Print. MacLeod, George, and Jones Mother. â€Å"Renewing The Geography of Regions.† Environment and Planning 16.9 (2001): 669-706. Print. Schaefer, Frankline. â€Å"Exceptionalism in Geography: A Methodological Examination.† Annals of the Association of American Geographers 43.3 (1953): 298-305. Print.

The History of Steam Engines

The History of Steam Engines Before the invention of the gasoline-powered engine, mechanical transportation was fueled by steam. In fact, the concept of a steam engine pre-dates modern engines by a couple thousand years as mathametician and engineer Heron of Alexandria, who lived in Roman Egypt during the first century, was the first to describe a rudimentary version he named the Aeolipile.   Along the way, a number of leading scientists who toyed with the idea of using the force generated by heating water to power a machine of some sort. One of them was none other than Leonardo Da Vinci who drew up designs for a steam powered cannon called the Architonnerre sometime during the 15th century. A basic steam turbine was also detailed in papers written by the Egyptian astronomer, philosopher and engineer  Taqi ad-Din  in 1551.  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, the real groundwork for the development of a  practical, working motor didnt come about until the mid-1600s. It was during this century that several inventors were able to develop and test water pumps as well as piston systems that would pave the way for the commercial steam engine. From that point, the commercial steam engine was then made possible by the efforts of three important figures. Thomas Savery (1650-1715) Thomas Savery was an English military engineer and inventor. In 1698, he patented the first crude  steam engine  based on Denis Papins Digester or pressure cooker of 1679. Savery had been working on solving the problem of pumping water out of coal mines when he came up with an idea for an engine powered by steam. His machine consisted of a closed vessel filled with water in which steam under pressure was introduced. This forced the water upwards and out of the mine shaft. A cold water sprinkler was then used to condense the steam. This created a vacuum which sucked more water out of the mine shaft through a bottom valve. Thomas Savery later worked with Thomas Newcomen on the atmospheric steam engine. Among Saverys other inventions was an  odometer  for ships, a device that measured distance traveled. To learn more about Thomas Savery the inventor, check out his biography.  Ive also written a description of Savery’s crude steam engine.   Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729) Thomas Newcomen was an English blacksmith who invented the atmospheric steam engine. The invention was an improvement over Thomas Slaverys previous design. The Newcomen steam engine used the force of atmospheric pressure to do the work. This process begins with the engine pumping steam into a cylinder. The steam was then condensed by cold water, which created a vacuum on the inside of the cylinder. The resulting atmospheric pressure operated a piston, creating downward strokes. With Newcomens enginee, the intensity of pressure was not limited by the pressure of the steam, a departure from what Thomas Savery had patented in 1698. In 1712, Thomas Newcomen, together with John Calley, built their first engine on top of a water filled mine shaft and used it to pump water out of the mine. The Newcomen engine was the predecessor to the Watt engine and it was one of the most interesting pieces of technology developed during the 1700s. To learn more about Thomas Newcomen and his steam engine, check out this biography. Photos and a diagram of Newcomen’s steam engine can be found at Niagara college’s professor Mark Csele’s website. James Watt (1736-1819) Born in Greenock, James Watt was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer who was renowned for the improvements he made to the steam engine. While working for the University of Glasgow in 1765, Watt was assigned the task of repairing a Newcomen engine that was deemed inefficient but the best steam engine of its time. That started the inventor working on several improvements to Newcomens design. The most notable improvement was Watts 1769 patent for a separate condenser connected to a cylinder by a valve. Unlike Newcomens engine, Watts design had a condenser that could be cool while the cylinder was hot. Eventually Watts engine would become the  dominant design  for all modern steam engines and helped bring about the  industrial revolution. A unit of power called the Watt was named after James Watt. the Watt symbol is W, and it is equal to 1/746 of a horsepower, or one volt times one amp.